“世亲金刚八十偈梵文检索”的版本间差异

==1、parama==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

parama

【对译词】

〈藏〉 dam pa，mchog，mchog tu，lhur byed pa，lhur len pa

【释义】

［形］ 最高的，至高的，最好的。

==2、anugrah==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

anu-grah 二级词汇

【对译词】

〈藏〉 rjes su bzung ba, phan 'dogs shing

【词根来源】

√grah

【释义】

［动9P］ anugṛhṇāti ❶利益，饶益，施恩。❷ 摄受，保护，支持。〔古〕受，摄受，利益，爲益，饶益，摄益，護。

［使］anugrāhayati 使作利益。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

anu-√grah, to follow in taking or plundering MBh. iv, 996, to support ; to uphold ; to receive, welcome ; to treat with kindness, favour, oblige ; to foster.  ► p. 32a

==3、jñeya==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

jñeya

【对译词】

〈藏〉 shes bya，shes par bya ba

【释义】

［必分］ 应该知道的，被认知的，认知对象。〔古〕 所知，所智，當知，境，境界，所知境，所知境界。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

jñeya, mfn. to be known (e.g. jñeyo mahârṇavo'tra, it should be known that there is here a great sea VarBṛS. xiv, 19; kathaṃ na jñeyam asmābhir nivartitum, how should we not know how to leave off Bhag. i, 39) Mn. Yājñ. R. &c. ; to be learnt or understood or ascertained or investigated or perceived or inquired about ŚvetUp. i, 12 MBh. iii, 2737 Nal. &c.  ► p. 426c

==4、śārīra==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

śārīra

【释义】

［形］ 身体的。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

śārīrá, mf(ī)n. (fr. śarīra) bodily, corporeal, relating or belonging to or being in or produced from or connected with the body (with daṇḍa m. corporal punishment) ŚBr. &c. &c. ; made of bone Suśr. ; ► p. 1066b

śārīrá, n. bodily constitution MBh. VarBṛS. ; (in med.) the science of the body and its parts, anatomy Suśr. Car. ; the feces, excrement Mn. xi, 202 ; the embodied soul or spirit W. ; = vṛṣa (?) L. ► p. 1066b

==5、saparigraha==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

saparigraha

【对译词】

〈藏〉 yongs su 'dzin pa dang bcas pa

【释义】

〔古〕所有。

==6、prāpta==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

prāpta

【释义】

〈藏〉 thob pa，rnyed pa ［过分］ 获得，到达。〔古〕 得，获得，已得，至得，所得，逮得，證得，所證，至，成就，具足。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

prâpta, mfn. attained to, reached, arrived at, met with, found, incurred, got, acquired, gained Mn. MBh. &c. ; one who has attained to or reached &c. (acc. or comp.) AV. &c. &c. ; come to (acc.), arrived, present (prâpteṣu kāleṣu, at certain periods) Mn. MBh. &c. ; accomplished, complete, mature, full-grown (see a-pr°) ; (in med.) indicated, serving the purpose Suśr. ; (in gram.) obtained or following from a rule, valid (iti prâpte, “while this follows from a preceding rule”) Pāṇ. 1-1, 34 Sch. &c. ; fixed, placed L. ; proper, right L. ; ► p. 707c

prâpta, m. pl. N. of a people MārkP.  ► p. 707c

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

-prāpta, ppp. (= Skt. id., Pali -patta), in āścarya-, adbhuta-pr° generally means filled with astonishment and wonder (e. g. SP 188.5). But in SP 183.4-5 āścaryaprāptā ... adbhutaprāptā ime ṣoḍaśa śrāmaṇerāḥ, rather, some-thing like arrived at a wonderful thing or condition, marvel-ously successful. In KP 9.5 and 10.5 dāntājāneya-prāpta (bodhisattva), and KP 9.14; 10.17, 20 ājanya-prāpta (bodhisattva), clearly arrived at (the condition of being ...) i.e. become (tamed) noble (steeds, see ājanya, ājāneya). In most of these, Tib. renders prāpta by thob pa, which acc. to Jä. primarily means get, attain, but in expressions like saṅs rgyas thob pa become (lit. get) a Buddha. This latter seems clearly parallel to the use of -prāpta in these KP passages. Ordinarily a cpd. ending in -prāpta has as its prior member an abstract noun. Note however that some such prior members may be either abstract or concrete; thus adbhuta may mean either surprising or sur-prise. Possibly the KP usage arose by analogy of such compounds. There are other cpds. of prāpta with a pre-ceding adj.; see s.v. niṣkāṅkṣa.  

==7、aprāpta==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

a--prâpta

【对译词】

〈藏〉 ma rnyed pa，ma byon，ma song, ma phrad pa, phrad med, phrad pa med, ma thob pa，ma bab pa'i bar du

【释义】

［形］ ❶ 未至，未遇。❷ 未获得。❸ 未完成，未长成。❹（规则）无效的。〔古〕 未到，未得，不至，未至，所未得，無获，未至得。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

á-prâpta, mfn. unobtained ; unarrived ; not accomplished Yājñ. ii, 243 ; not yet full-grown Mn. ix, 88 ; not resulting (from any rule) Pāṇ. 8-2, 33 Sch.  ► p. 59b

==8、avihāni==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

avihāni

【对译词】

〈藏〉 mi nyams pa

【释义】

==9、ca==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

ca 一级词汇

【对译词】

〈藏〉 dang

【释义】

［不变］ 和，也，而且，并且，仍然。〔古〕 與，及。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

ca 1., the 20th letter of the alphabet, 1st of the 2nd (or palatal) class of consonants, having the sound of ch in church.  ► p. 380a

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

ca 2., ind. and, both, also, moreover, as well as (= $, Lat. que, placed like these particles as an enclitic after the word which it connects with what precedes; when used with a personal pronoun this must appear in its fuller accented form (e.g. táva ca máma ca [not te ca me ca], “both of thee and me”) , when used after verbs the first of them is accented Pāṇ. 8-1, 58 f.; it connects whole sentences as well as parts of sentences; in RV. the double ca occurs more frequently than the single (e.g. aháṃ ca tváṃ ca, “I and thou,” viii, 62, 11); the double ca may also be used somewhat redundantly in class. Sanskṛit (e.g. kva hariṇakānāṃ jīvitaṃ câtilolaṃ kva ca vajra-sārāḥ śarās te, “where is the frail existence, of fawns and where are thy adamantine arrows?” Śak. i, 10); in later literature, however, the first ca is more usually omitted (e.g. ahaṃ tvaṃ ca), and when more than two things are enumerated only one ca is often found (e.g. tejasā yaśasā lakṣmyā sthityā ca parayā, “in glory, in fame, in beauty, and in high position” Nal. xii, 6); elsewhere, when more than two things are enumerated, ca is placed after some and omitted after others (e.g. ṛṇa-dātā ca vaidyaś ca śrotriyo nadī, “the payer of a debt and a physician [and] a Brāhman [and] a river” Hit. i, 4, 55); in Ved. and even in class. Sanskṛit [Mn. iii, 20; ix, 322 Hit.] , when the double ca would generally be used, the second may occasionally be omitted (e.g. indraś ca soma, “both Indra [and thou] Soma” RV. vii, 104, 25; durbhedyaś câśusaṃdheyaḥ, “both difficult to be divided [and] quickly united” Hit. i); with lexicographers camay imply a reference to certain other words which are not expressed (e.g. kamaṇḍalau ca karakaḥ, “the word karaka has the meaning “pitcher” and other meanings”); sometimes ca is = eva, even, indeed, certainly, just (e.g. su-cintitaṃ caûṣadhaṃ na nāma-mātreṇa karoty arogam, “even a well-devised remedy does not cure a disease by its mere name” Hit.; yāvanta eva te tāvāṃśca saḥ, “as great as they [were] just so great was he” Ragh. xii, 45); occasionally ca is disjunctive, “but,” “on the contrary,” “on the other hand,” “yet,” “nevertheless” (varam ādyau na cântimaḥ, “better the two first but not the last” Hit.  ► p. 380b; śāntam idam āśrama-padaṃ sphurati ca bāhuḥ, “this hermitage is tranquil yet my arm throbs” Śak. i, 15); ca-ca, though-yet Vikr. ii, 9; ca-na ca, though - yet not Pat.; ca - na tu (v.l. nanu) id., Mālav. iv, 8; na ca - ca, though not - yet Pat.; ca may be used for vā, “either,” “or” (e.g. iha câmutra vā, “either here or hereafter” Mn. xii, 89; strī vā pumān vā yac cânyat sattvam, “either a woman or a man or any other being” R.) , and when a neg. particle is joined with ca the two may then be translated by “neither,” “nor;” occasionally one ca or one na is omitted (e.g. na ca paribhoktuṃ naîva śaknomi hātum, “I am able neither to enjoy nor to abandon” Śak. v, 18; na pūrvâhṇe na ca parâhṇe, “neither in the forenoon nor in the afternoon”); ca-ca may express immediate connection between two acts or their simultaneous occurrence (e.g. mama ca muktaṃ tamasā mano manasijena dhanuṣi śaraś ca niveśitaḥ, “no sooner is my mind freed from darkness than a shaft is fixed on his bow by the heart-born god,” vi, 8); ca is sometimes = cêd, “if” (cf. Pāṇ. 8-1, 30; the verb is accented) RV. AV.MBh. Vikr. ii, 20 Bhartṛ. ii, 45; ca may be used as an expletive (e.g. anyaiś ca kratubhiś ca, “and with other sacrifices”); cais often joined to an adv. like eva, api, tathā, tathaîva, &c., either with or without a neg. particle (e.g. vairiṇaṃ nôpaseveta sahâyaṃ caiva vairiṇaḥ, “one ought not to serve either an enemy or the ally of an enemy” Mn. iv, 133); (see eva, api, &c.) For the meaning of ca after an interrogative see 2. ká, 2. kathā́, kím, kvá); [cf. $, Lat. que, pe (in nempe &c.); Goth. uh ; Zd. ca ; Old Pers. cā.]  ► p. 380a

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

ca 3., mfn. pure L. ; moving to and fro L. ; mischievous L. ; seedless L. ; ► p. 380b

ca, m. a thief. L. ; the moon L. ; a tortoise L. ; Śiva L.  ► p. 380b

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

(ca, as in normal ṣkt. (Bṛ; ṣpeyer, ṣkt. ṣynt. § 441b, Vṣṣ §282), is used (1) in sentences where a contrast seems implied, = tu, but: te caivaṃ vācaṃ bhāṣeran, tac ca bhaiṣajyam upanāmitaṃ na pibeyuḥ SP 321.10-11, on the one hand (ca) they would speak thus, and yet (ca; on the other hand) they would not drink the proffered remedy; (2) in the protasis of conditions, = yadi (acc. to Speyer, VSS l.c., 'in Vedic and older Skt.,' but this is too limited): deśayeyaṃ cāhaṃ dharmaṃ na vā deśayeyam LV 400.7, whether I preach the dharma or not — (the same result, as regards some people, Will ensue); śakraś ca (mss., Senart em. ce) me varaṃ dadyāt Mv iii.6.15, if Śakra should give me a boon —. (3) Acc. to Senart, MV i notes pp. 370, 501, 561, ca may introduce a following word, as 'proclitic', no longer enclitic; he says the same is authorized for Pali by the Mukhainattadīpanī, a comm. on Kaccāyana. Alleged cases are cited in Mv i.3.11; 57.10; 83.17 (? read 16?); 158.1; 241.13. In some of these.(e. g. 158.1) ca seems to me quite normal; in others the position may be peculiar, as sometimes it is in Pali, see Childers s.v., but I do not believe it ever introduces a following word or phrase; some of the passages cited are violently emended by Senart in other respects. The Pali Dictt. do not recognize the usage alleged by Senart, and I am not convinced that it occurs in BHS.)

► p. 220-221

==10、parama==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

parama

【对译词】

〈藏〉 dam pa，mchog，mchog tu，lhur byed pa，lhur len pa

【释义】

［形］ 最高的，至高的，最好的。

［中］ 最高存在，至高精神。（接⑦或用于多财复合后词） 以……为最高目标的，专注于，渴望于，一直。

〔古〕 勝，最勝，極，最極，最爲殊勝，第一。

【例句】

［中］《那罗传》：

tataś cintāparā dīnā vivarṇavadanā kṛśā |  

babhūva damayantī tu niḥśvāsaparamā tadā |

于是可怜的达摩衍蒂常常发愣，

面色无光而身形消瘦，不住地长吁短叹。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

paramá, mf(ā)n. (superl. of pára) most distant, remotest, extreme, last RV. &c. &c. ; chief, highest, primary, most prominent or conspicuous ; best, most excellent, worst (°meṇa cetasā, with all the heart; °ma-kaṇṭhena, “with all the throat,” roaring, speaking aloud) ib. ; (with abl.) superior or inferior to, better or worse than MBh. R. ; ► p. 588a

paramá, m. N. of 2 authors Cat. ; ► p. 588a

paramám, ind. yes, very well ; ► p. 588a

paramá, n. (also parama- in comp.; see below) very much, excessively, excellently, in the highest degree MBh. Kāv. &c.► p. 588a

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

parama, m. or nt., a high number: °masya Gv 105.20.. Corresponds to mapara, nt., mavara, also savara (2)qqv.  

► p. 319

==11、syāt==

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

syāt, ind. (3. sg. Pot. of √1. as) it may be, perhaps, perchance (esp. used in Jaina works and occurring in 7 formulas, viz. 1. syād asti, “perhaps it is [under certain circumstances];” 2. syān nâsti, “perhaps it is not, &c.;” 3. syād asti ca nâsti ca, “perhaps it is and is not [under certain circumstances];” 4. syād avaktavyaḥ, “perhaps it is not expressible in words;” 5. syād asti câvaktavyaḥ, “perhaps it is and is not expressible in words;” 6. syān nâsti câvaktavyaḥ, “perhaps it is not and is and is not expressible in words;” 7. syād asti ca nâsti câvaktavyaḥ) Sarvad. ► p. 1273b

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

syāt, siyāti (as in Pali, AMg. siyā; in only Jain Skt., see BR), perhaps; common at end of Jātaka stories, usually: syāt khalu (punar) bhikṣavaḥ yuṣmākam (rarely omitted) evam asyā (or asyāt), it may be, however, monks, that you may have the idea..., Mv ii.64.2; 68.13; 72.4, 8, 10; 81.17; 83.7; 89.1, 3, 6; 94.5, 8; 113.16; 114.3; 176.15; 219.4; iii.76.18, and often in Mv; so in Mv i.45.1, 5, 8, 11, read siyāti (§ 29.41; Senart siyā ti) punar.. . evam asya syāt; yasyeha pariśeṣaṃ syān (so mss. ii.3.7, in i.199.9 syā) nārīye (°yo) jīvitaṃ bhavet Mv i.199.9 = ii.3.7 (vs), of what woman there may be perchance remaining in this world a life (of ten months and seven days); Senart reads syā in both places and takes it for the pronoun asyāḥ, which seems to me impossible (§ 21.84).  

► p. 615

==12、parīndanā==

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

parīndanā (also pari°; to next), the giving over, presenting: °nā- Dbh 95.10; 99.33; °nayā Vaj 20.5, 11 (Pargiter ap. Hoernle MR 179 pari°); °nāṃ Sukh 73.11; AsP 462.16.  

► p. 333

=vipulaḥ paramo 'tyanto 'viparyastaś [ca] cetasi | upakārāśayaḥ sthānaṃ yāne 'smin guṇapūritaḥ ||4|| =

【支译】廣大第一常 其心不顛倒 利益深心住 此乘功德滿 4  

【净译】於心廣最勝 至極無顛倒 利益意樂處 此乘功德滿 4  

==1、vipula==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

vipula

【对译词】

〈藏〉 zheng，yangs pa，rgya cher，rgya che ba，rgya chen po

【释义】

［形］ 宽阔的，丰富的。〔古〕 廣，大，廣大，廣长，弘廣，廣多。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

ví-pula, See s.v.  ► p. 951b

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

vi-pula, mf(ā)n. (prob. fr. pula = pura; cf. under √ pul) large, extensive, wide, great, thick, long (also of time), abundant, numerous, important, loud (as a noise), noble (as a race) PārGṛ. MBh. &c. ; ► p. 974c

vi-pula, m. a respectable man W. ; N. of a prince of the Sauvīras MBh. ; of a pupil of Deva-śarman (who guarded the virtue of Ruci, his preceptor's wife, when tempted by Indra during her husband's absence) MBh. ; of a son of Vasu-deva BhP. ; of a mountain (either Meru or the Himâlaya) Pur. ; ► p. 974c

vi-pula, m. a form of the Āryā metre (in which the caesura is irregular; divided into 3 species, Ādi-, Antya-, and Ubhaya-vipulā) Col. ; (in music) a kind of measure Saṃgīt. ; ► p. 974c

vi-pula, n. a sort of building Gal.  ► p. 974c

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

vipula, (1) adj. (like udagra, q.v., a near-synonym in Skt.), appears to be used (at least once) in the mg. re-joiced, very happy: prītī (? so both edd.; v.l. °tyā, °tya; perh. read prityā, instr.?) udagrā vipulā sma jātāḥ SP 214.4 (vs); Tib. bdag cag (we) dgaḥ zhiṅ (being glad) mgu pa raṅs ba skyes (app. have become joyous and rejoiced), which points to this interpretation of vipulā; several mss. Read jātā, but against taking prītī as subject of jātā, and udagrā and vipulā as pred. adj., is the form sma ( = smas), as well as the Tib.; (2) (= Pali id.; also Vaipulya) n. of a mountain near Rājagṛha: Māy 5; 101.  

► p. 491-492

==2、parama==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

parama

【对译词】

〈藏〉 dam pa，mchog，mchog tu，lhur byed pa，lhur len pa

【释义】

［形］ 最高的，至高的，最好的。

［中］ 最高存在，至高精神。（接⑦或用于多财复合后词） 以……为最高目标的，专注于，渴望于，一直。

〔古〕 勝，最勝，極，最極，最爲殊勝，第一。

【例句】

［中］《那罗传》：

tataś cintāparā dīnā vivarṇavadanā kṛśā |  

babhūva damayantī tu niḥśvāsaparamā tadā |

于是可怜的达摩衍蒂常常发愣，

面色无光而身形消瘦，不住地长吁短叹。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

paramá, mf(ā)n. (superl. of pára) most distant, remotest, extreme, last RV. &c. &c. ; chief, highest, primary, most prominent or conspicuous ; best, most excellent, worst (°meṇa cetasā, with all the heart; °ma-kaṇṭhena, “with all the throat,” roaring, speaking aloud) ib. ; (with abl.) superior or inferior to, better or worse than MBh. R. ; ► p. 588a

paramá, m. N. of 2 authors Cat. ; ► p. 588a

paramám, ind. yes, very well ; ► p. 588a

paramá, n. (also parama- in comp.; see below) very much, excessively, excellently, in the highest degree MBh. Kāv. &c.► p. 588a

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

parama, m. or nt., a high number: °masya Gv 105.20.. Corresponds to mapara, nt., mavara, also savara (2)qqv.  

► p. 319

==3、atyanta==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

aty-anta 三级词汇

【对译词】

〈藏〉 gtan，gtan du，shin tu

【释义】

［形］ ❶ 超限的，非常，极度。❷ 永远的，不断的。❸ 绝对的，彻底的，毕竟。〔古〕 恒，極，永，永時，毕竟，究竟。

〖atyantam〗〖atyantāya〗〖atyantatas〗［不变］永远地，彻底地，绝对地。〔古〕 永，極，常，一向，究竟，毕竟。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

aty-anta, mfn. beyond the proper end or limit ; excessive, very great, very strong ; endless, unbroken, perpetual ; absolute, perfect ; ► p. 16c

aty-antam, ind. excessively, exceedingly, in perpetuity, absolutely, completely ; to the end ; ► p. 16c

==4、aviparyasta==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

aviparyasta

【对译词】

〈藏〉 phyin ci ma log pa

【释义】

==5、cetas==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

cetas

【对译词】

〈藏〉 sems

【释义】

［中］ 心，思想。〔古〕 心。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

cétas, &c., °tāya &c. See √cit.  ► p. 401c

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

cétas, n. splendour RV. ; (Naigh. iii, 9) consciousness, intelligence, thinking soul, heart, mind VS. xxxiv, 3 AV. Mn. ix, xiiMBh. &c. (ifc. KaṭhUp. Mn. &c.) ; will AV. vi, 116, 3 TBr. iii, 1, 1, 7 ; cf. a-cetás, dabhrá-, prá-, laghu-, ví-, sá-, su-cétas. ► p. 398a

==6、upakāra==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

upakāra

【对译词】

〈藏〉 phan btags p，phan pa

【释义】

［阳］ 恩惠。〔古〕 恩，恩德。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

upa-kāra, &c. See upa- √1. kṛ.  ► p. 195a

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

upa-kāra, m. help, assistance, benefit, service, favour ; use, advantage MBh. Yājñ. Hit. Vikr. &c. ; (upakāre-√vṛt, to be of service to another R.) ; preparation, ornament, decoration, embellishment (as garlands suspended at gateways on festivals, flowers &c.) Suśr. L. ; ► p. 195b

upa-kārī, f. a royal tent ; a palace ; a caravansery L.  ► p. 195b

==7、sthāna==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

sthāna

【对译词】

〈藏〉 'greng ba，gnas，gnas pa，gnas su gyur pa, sdod pa, brkyang ba

【释义】

［中］ ❶ 〈藏〉 'greng ba，gnas pa，sdod pa〔古〕 住，能住，所住。❷ 〈藏〉 gnas，gnas su gyur pa地点，位置。〔古〕 處，處所，所居處，道理，具，事。❸ 〈藏〉 brkyang ba伸。

【变形】  

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

sthāna, sthānin,sthāpaka,°pana &c. See p.1263. ► p. 1265b

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

sthā́na, n. (also said to be m. Siddh.) the act of standing, standing firmly, being fixed or stationary AV. &c. &c. ; position or posture of the body (in shooting &c.) R. ; staying, abiding, being in or on (loc. or comp.) Daś. Kām. Hariv. Sāh. ; storing-place or storage (of goods) Mn. viii, 401 ; firm bearing (of troops), sustaining a charge (as opp. to yuddha, “charging”) ib. vii, 190 ; state, condition (ifc. = “being in the state of”) Up. BhP. ; continued existence, continuance in the same state (i.e. in a kind of neutral state unmarked by loss or gain), continuing as or as long as (with instr.) MBh. R. BhP. ; a state of perfect tranquillity Sarvad. ; station, rank, office, appointment, dignity, degree MaitrUp. Mn. MBh. &c. ; place of standing or staying, any place, spot, locality, abode, dwelling, house, site (sthāne sthāne or sthāne sthāneṣu, “in different places,” “here and there”) RV. &c. &c. ; place or room, stead (sthāne with gen. or ifc. “in place of,” “instead of,” “in lieu of;” ripu-sthāne-√vṛt, “to act in the place of an enemy;” vilocana-sthāna-gata, “acting the part of eyes;” also sthāna ifc. = “taking the place of,” “acting as,” “representing” or “represented by” e.g. pitṛ-sth°, “acting as a father” or “represented by a father;” iyaṅ-uvaṅ-sthāna, “represented by iy or uv” [as īandū Pāṇ. 1-4, 4]; in Pāṇini's grammar the gen. case is often used alone, when the word sthāne has to be supplied e.g. hanter jaḥ, “ja is to be substituted in place of han,” i, 1, 49) AitBr. GṛŚrS. &c. ; place for, receptacle of (gen.) Mn. MBh. &c. ; proper or right place (sthāne, “in the right place or at the right time, seasonably, justly”) PañcavBr. &c. &c. (cf. g. svar-ādi) ; province, region, domain, sphere (of gods or virtuous men; said to be in one of three places, viz. “earth” or “atmosphere” or “heaven;” accord. to some that of virtuous Brāhmans is called Prājāpatya; of Kshatriyas, Aindra; of Vaiśyas, Māruta; of Śūdras, Gāndharva) Nir. VarBṛS. ; the main support or strength or chief constituent of a kingdom (said to be four, viz. “army,” “treasury,” “city,” “territory”) Mn. vii, 56 ; a stronghold, fortress Pañcat. ; the place or organ of utterance of any sound (said to be 8 in number, viz. kaṇṭha, “throat;” tālu, “palate;” mūrdhan, “top of palate;” danta, “teeth;” oṣṭha, “lips;” kaṇṭha-tālu, “throat and palate;” kaṇṭh'-oṣṭha, “throat and lips;” dant'-oṣṭha, “teeth and lips;” to which are added nāsikā, “nose,” said to be the place of utterance of true Anusvāra, and uras, “chest,” of Visarga) Pāṇ. 1-9 Sch. Prāt. Sarvad. ; any organ of sense (e.g. the eye) BhP. ; the pitch or key of the voice, note, tone (of which accord. to RPrāt., there are three [see mandra], or accord. to TPrāt., seven; vīnā cyutā sthānāt, “a lute out of tune”) ŚrS. Prāt. MBh. &c. ; shape, form, appearance (as of the moon) VarBṛS. ; the part or character of an actor MW. ; case, occurrence (nêdaṃ sthānaṃ vidyate, “this case does not occur”) Yājñ. Pañcat. Vajracch. ; occasion, opportunity for (gen. or comp.; °ne ind. “occasionally”) ŚrS. MBh. &c. ; cause or object of (gen. or comp. e.g. śulka-sthāna, “an object of toll;” pūjā- or mānya-sth°, “an object of honour;” also applied to persons; °ne ind. “because of,” “on account of”) MBh. Pañcat.Kathās. ; a section or division (e.g. of medicine) Car. Suśr. &c. ; an astrol. mansion or its subdivision VarBṛS. ; = kāryôtsarga, Śīl. ; an open place in a town, plain, square W. ; a holy place MW. ; an altar ib. ; N. of a Gandharva king R. ; ► p. 1263a

sthā́ne, ind., see sthāna , “occasionally” ; ► p. 1263a

sthā́ne, ind., see sthāna , “because of,” “on account of” ► p. 1263a

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

sthāna, nt. (in all these mgs. = Pali ṭhāna, but hardly Skt. sthāna except as indicated below), (1) point, matter, subject: (anyāṃ devāṃ) divyehi daśahi sthānehi abhibhavati, divyenāyuṣā (so with varṇena, sukhena, aiśvaryeṇa, parivāreṇa; rūpeṇa, divyehi śabdehi, gandhehi, rasehi, praṣṭavyehi) Mv i.337.15; similarly ii.190.13 (rūpehi for rūpeṇa, sparśehi for praṣṭavyehi); similarly Pali SN iv.275.2 (et alibi; here, dibbena āyunā, then vaṇṇena, sukhena, yasena, adhipateyyena; dibbehi rūpehi, saddehi, gandhehi, rasehi, phoṭṭhabbehi); in Mv iii.302.5, same with only pañcahi sthānehi, the first five above; five vidyāsthāna, see this, also called simply sthānāni, points, subjects (of learning); the fifth of these is śilpa(karma)-sthānavidyā, cf. Divy 109.21 (kuśalā) Bodhisattvāḥ teṣu teṣu śilpasthānakarmasthāneṣu, ... in various matters of arts and crafts; also RP 41.13 sarvaśilpasthānakarma-sthāna-vidhijñāḥ; in Karmav 64.7 mātāpitaraḥ pañca sthānāni pratyanuśaṃsamānāḥ (expecting five matters) putram icchanti, some other group than the vidyā-sthānāni must be meant, perh. the five ānisaṃsā of a virtuous man as in Pali DN ii.86.1 ff.; durdṛśam imaṃ sthānaṃ (hard to see thru is this subject), yad ... pratītyasamutpādaḥ Mv iii.314.4; (paravipattiḥ) saṃvejanīyaṃ sthānaṃ Divy 432.16, a matter that should be shuddered at; anākhyātam idaṃ sthānam SP 230.8-9, an article (of creed) not yet made known (Kern); dharma-nigūḍha-sthānam 233.12, secret article of the doctrine; anyatamānyatamat sthānam adhyāpadya Bhīk 23b.4, having violated one or another point (item, of the code of conduct); 24a.1; evaṃrūpaṃ sthānaṃ nādhyāpatsyase 24b.5; asmin sthāne, in (on) this point, subject, matter, SP 317.3; 318.11 (tathāgataḥ khalv asmin sthāne, on this subject, 'saṃpramoṣadharmā; Kern here wrongly in his position); atra sthāne 323.4; (2) much as in Skt. (BR s.v. sthāna, 1 w), underlying condition, occasion, virtually cause (cf. Pali DN comm. i.77.32 ṭhānaṃ vuccati kāraṇaṃ): trayāṇāṃ sthānānāṃ saṃmukhībhāvāt (as a result of the presence of three things, conditions) putrā jāyante duhitaraś ca Divy 1.12, 15; (ṣaṇṇāṃ) sthānānām āścaryādbhuto loke prādurbhāvaḥ Av ii.55.2, of six conditions (or causes) is a marvelous and miraculous appearance in the world (they are then listed; the first is a Tathāgata, who in the story has just performed a miracle); na pramādasthānam asyopasaṃharati Bbh 15.24, he does not produce for him an occasion for heedless-ness; kaukṛtya-sthānaṃ SP 287.2, see kaukṛtya; (3) basis, cause, so organ, implement: tenaikaṃ daṇḍasthānaṃ pre-ṣitam Divy 531.11, he sent out an instrument of punishment = a punitive force or expedition (Index, an army corps; not plausible); similarly MSV ii.71.16; (4) in cpd. sthānāsthāna, (skandha-dhātv-āyatana-pratītyasamutpā-da-)-sthānāsthāna- Bbh 4.8, either possibilities and im-possibilities (see 5 below), or sound and unsound pro-positions or conclusions (regarding...), and so in other cases, see s.v. asthāna; in Pali CPD s.v. aṭṭhāna, and PTSD s.v. ṭhāna(ṭṭhāna); (5) occasion, hence possibility: sthānam etad vidyati yaṃ (it is quite possible that) ete mama (acc.) jīvitāto vyaparopayitvā (°pitvā, mss.)... Mv i.350.11; sthānam etaṃ vidyati yaṃ Sudarśanā upa-krameṇa ātmānaṃ māreyā ii.448.12; sthānam etad vidyate yat... Divy 109.14; 159.28; 175.27; 228.12; 273.16; 512.5; Gv 404.23, etc., common; (without yad) sthānaṃ (one ms. adds ca) me... Sudarśanā paribhavati Mv ii.491.19 (so mss., which however are confused); with neg. (cf. Pali n' etaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati), referring to following, na etaṃ sthāna (so read with v.l., m.c.) vidyati, yatra... Mv iii.46.2 (vs); but usually to preceding, nedaṃ sthānaṃ vidyate Vaj 34.8; Mmk 395.3; naitat sth° vi° bbh 25.16; sthānam etan na saṃvidyate LV 215.19 (vs); iti naitat sthānaṃ vidyate SP 333.9.  

► p. 610

==8、yāna==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

yāna

【对译词】

〈藏〉 theg pa，bzhon pa

【释义】

［中］ ❶ 前进，行进，旅程。❷ 车乘，坐骑。〔古〕乘，骑乘，所乘，乘道，車乘，舆。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

yāna, &c. See  ► p. 849c.  ► p. 851b

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

yā́na, mfn. leading, conducting (said of a road; “to” gen. or adv. in °trā́) RV. ; ► p. 849c

yā́nī, f. a path, course TS. MaitrS. Kāṭh. (cf. g. gaurâdi) ; ► p. 849c

==9、guṇa==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

guṇa

【对译词】

〈藏〉 yon tan, bsgres pa

【释义】

［阳］ ❶ 〈藏〉 yon tan性质，品质，品德，美德，功德。〔古〕 德，功德，勝德，有德，勝功德。❷ 线，带子，弓弦，琴弦。❸ 〈藏〉 bsgres pa 倍。〔语〕二合元音。〔古〕 倍，倍數。❹ 策略。

【例句】

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

guṇá, m. (√ grah Uṇ.) a single thread or strand of a cord or twine (e.g. tri-g° q.v.), string or thread, rope TS. vii Mṛicch.Kum. Ragh. ; a garland W. ; a bow-string R. iii, 33, 16 (cāpa-) Ragh. ix, 54 Ṛitus. Hit. ; (in geom.) a sinew ; the string of a musical instrument, chord Śiś. iv, 57: ifc. (f(ā). ) with numerals “fold, times” (see cátur-, tri-, daśa-, dví-, pañca-; rarely the numeral stands by itself along with guṇá [e.g. viśiṣṭo daśabhir guṇaiḥ, “of ten times higher value” Mn. ii, 85] AV. x, 8, 43MBh. iii, 15649 Hariv. 509; [guṇa = bhāga] Pāṇ. 5-2, 47 Kāś.) ; a multiplier, co-efficient (in alg.) ; subdivision, species, kind (e.g. gandhasya guṇāḥ, the different kinds of smell MBh. xii, 6847) ; the 6 subdivisions of action for a king in foreign politics (viz. peace, war, march, halt, stratagem, and recourse to the protection of a mightier king) Mn. vii, 160 Yājñ. i, 346MBh. ii, 155 ; = upâya (q.v., denoting the 4 ways of conquering an enemy) R. v, 81, 41 ; “requisite” see °ṇôpêta ; a secondary element, subordinate or unessential part of any action (e.g. sarva-guṇa mfn. “reaching to all subordinate parts,” hence “valid throughout” KātyŚr.) ŚāṅkhŚr. ĀśvŚr. KātyŚr. R. v, 1, 71 ; an auxiliary act ŚāṅkhBr. xxvi, 4 ; a secondary dish (opposed to anna i.e. rice or the chief dish), side-dish Mn. iii, 224 ff. ; (= -karman, in Gr.) the secondary or less immediate object of an action Pāṇ. 1-4, 51 Sch. ; a quality, peculiarity, attribute or property Lāṭy. ŚāṅkhGṛ. Mn. iii, ix, &c. ; an attribute of the 5 elements (each of which has its own peculiar quality or qualities as well as organ of sense; thus 1. ether has śabda, or sound for its Guṇa and the ear for its organ; 2. the air has tangibility and sound for its Guṇas and the skin for its organ; 3. fire or light has shape or colour, tangibility, and sound for its Guṇas, and the eye for its organs; 4. water has flavour, shape, tangibility, and sound for its Guṇas, and the tongue for its organ; 5. earth has the preceding Guṇas, with the addition of its own peculiar Guṇa of smell, and the nose for its organ) Mn. i, 20 and 76-78 MBh. xii, 6846 ff. Śak. i, 1 BhP. iii, 5, 35 ; (in Sāṃkhya phil.) an ingredient or constituent of Prakṛiti, chief quality of all existing beings (viz. sattva, rajas, and tamas i.e. goodness, passion, and darkness, or virtue, foulness, and ignorance; cf. RTL. pp. 31; 36; 163) Mn. i; iii, 40; xii, 24 ff.Sāṃkhyak. Bhag. xiii f. ; (hence) the number “three” VarBṛS. iic, 1 ; a property or characteristic of all created things (in Nyāya phil. twenty-four Guṇas are enumerated, viz. 1. rūpa, shape, colour; 2. rasa, savour; 3. gandha, odour; 4. sparśa, tangibility; 5. saṃkhyā, number; 6. parimāṇa, dimension; 7. pṛthaktva, severalty; 8. saṃyoga, conjunction; 9. vibhāga, disjunction; 10. paratva, remoteness; 11. aparatva, proximity; 12. gurutva, weight; 13. dravatva, fluidity; 14. sneha, viscidity; 15. śabda, sound; 16. buddhi or jñāna, understanding or knowledge; 17. sukha, pleasure; 18. duḥkha, pain; 19. icchā, desire; 20. dveṣa, aversion; 21. prayatna, effort; 22. dharma, merit or virtue; 23. adharma, demerit; 24. saṃskāra, the self-reproductive quality) ; an epithet KātyŚr. ; good quality, virtue, merit, excellence Mn. MBh. &c. ; also “power, might;” āt, “by virtue of,” “in consequence of,” “by means of” ; the merit of composition (consistency, elegance of expression, &c.) Kāvyâd. i, 41 f. Kpr. viii Sāh. viii ; the peculiar properties of the letters (11 in number, viz. the 8 bāhya-prayatnās [q.v.] and the 3 accents) Kāś. on Pāṇ. 1-1, 9 and 50 (cf. -mātra) ; the first gradation of a vowel, the vowels a (with ar, al Pāṇ. 1-1, 51), e, o Nir. x, 17 RPrāt. xi, 6 Pāṇ. ; an organ of sense L. ; a cook (cf. -kāra) L. ; Bhīma-sena (cf. -kāra) L. ; ► p. 357a

guṇā, f. Sanseviera Roxburghiana L. ; the plant māṃsarohiṇī L. ; N. of a princess Rājat. iv, 695 (cf. nir-, vi-, sa-; gauṇa.) ► p. 357a

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

guṇa, (1) m. (Skt. and Pali id., not recorded in this use), advantage: Mv i.155.7 (vs) kaṃ vā guṇaṃ karoti, or what good does it do? what use is it?; (2) m. (= Pali guṇa), cluster, bouquet, garland: LV 214.19 (vs) sugan-dhamālāṃ guṇapuṣpasaṃcayāṃ (acc. pl.), bunches of flowers in clusters, of garlanded flowers; kaṇṭhe-guṇa, see this; mālā-guṇa-parikṣiptaḥ Mvy 9463. See also antra-guṇa (in which guṇa may perhaps mean lit. garland, chain, i.e. of the intestines).

► p. 212

==10、pūrita==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

pūrita

【释义】

［过分］ 充满，覆盖。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

pūrita, mfn. filled, completed &c. ; made full or strong, intensified (as a sound) MBh. ; filled with wind, blown (as a conch) BhP. ; multiplied, overspread W.  ► p. 642a

=dānaṃ pāramitāṣatkam āmiṣābhayadharmataḥ | ekadvayatrayeṇeha pratipat sā 'pratiṣṭhitā || 5=

【支译】檀義攝於六 資生無畏法 此中一二三 名為修行住 5  

【净译】六度皆名施 由財無畏法 此中一二三 名修行不住 5  

==1、dāna==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

dāna

【对译词】

〈巴〉 dāna

〈藏〉 byin pa，sbyin pa，'bul ba，byin par byed pa，sbyin par byed pa，sbyin du 'jug pa

【释义】

［中］ ❶ 布施。〔古〕 捨，與，施，布施，能施，行施，惠捨，惠施，行惠施，施與，應施，奉施，勤施，與作。❷（大象的）颞颥液汁。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

dāna 3., n. purification L.  ► p. 475a

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

dāná 1., n. the act of giving RV. ŚBr. MBh. &c. ; giving in marriage (cf. kanyā-) ; giving up (cf. prāṇa-, ātma-, śarīra- Pañc. ii) ; communicating, imparting, teaching (cf. brakma-) ; paying back, restoring Mn. Yājñ. ; adding, addition (VarBṛS.) ; donation, gift [Lat. donum] RV. ŚBr. &c. (°naṃdā, to offer a gift Mn. Yājñ. Hit. &c.; °nam prayam, to bestow a gift Mn. iv, 234) ; oblation (cf. udaka-, havir-) ; liberality (cf. 2. dāna) ; bribery Mn. vii, 198 (cf. upâya).  ► p. 474a

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

dā́na 2., n. cutting off, splitting, dividing L. ; pasture, meadow RV. ; rut-fluid (which flows from an elephant's temples) MBh. Hariv. &c. ; ► p. 474c

dāná, m. (only in RV. but cf. vasu-) distribution of food or of a sacrificial meal ; imparting, communicating, liberality ; part, share, possession ; distributor, dispenser RV. vii, 27, 4.  ► p. 474c

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

(dāna, nt., Skt., gift; as one of the four saṃgraha-vastu, q.v.)

► p. 263

==2、pāramitā==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

pāramitā

【对译词】

〈犍〉 paramada

〈巴〉 pāramī, pāramitā

〈藏〉 pha rol tu phyin pa

【释义】

［阴］ 最极，最究竟性，至究竟，到彼岸。〔古〕到彼岸，度，度無極，波羅蜜，波羅蜜多，事究竟。

【变形】  

==3、ṣaṭka==

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

ṣaṭka, mfn. consisting of six Lāṭy. RPrāt. Śuśr. &c. (dvi-ṣaṭka = 12 MBh.) ; bought for six &c. Pāṇ. v, 1, 22 ; occurring for the sixth time, doing anything for the sixth time ib. v, 2, 77 Vārtt. ; ► p. 1108c

ṣaṭka, m. six Gaṇit. ► p. 1108c

ṣaṭka, n. a hexade or aggregate of six (ifc. after another numeral e.g. nava-ṣaṭka, “consisting of nine hexades”) Nir. ĀśvŚr. MBh. &c. ; the six passions collectively (viz. kāma, mada, māna, lobha, harṣa, and ruṣā) L. ► p. 1108c

==4、āmiṣa==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

āmiṣa

【对译词】

〈藏〉 'du 'dzi，zang zing，zang zing 'thob pa，zang zing dang bcas pa

【释义】

［中］ 肉，食物，猎物，资财；贪欲。〔古〕 財，財贪，財物，財利，財食，爱染，有染。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

āmiṣa, See s.v.  ► p. 146b

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

āmiṣa, n. (probably connected with 1. āma; fr. √2. miṣ, “to wet” T.), flesh MBh. Mn. Pañcat. Hit. Ragh. &c. ; food, meat, prey ; an object of enjoyment, a pleasing or beautiful object &c. Mn. Ragh. Kathās. &c. ; coveting, longing for ; lust, desire; a gift, boon, fee L. ; ► p. 147a

āmiṣī, f. N. of a plant L.  ► p. 147a

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

āmiṣa, nt. (except for the strange āmiṣā Mvy 6753; the BHS word also has its Skt. meanings, as well as those listed here, in which it = Pali āmisa; even in Skt. a few occurrences approach this sphere of use, cf. BR s.v., Alles worüber man mit Gier herfällt), lit. or orig. (the) flesh (contrasting with dharma, as in Pali with dhamma, the spirit); worldly things, possessions, or enjoyments, as contrasted with religious or spiritual ones (dharma): Mvy 6753 āmiṣā (! so also Mironov) = Tib. zaṅ ziṅ, matter, object, goods; external goods, earthly possessions (contrasted with internal, spiritual gifts); also śa, meat, and zas, food; sāmiṣaḥ, q.v., Mvy 6751, and nirāmiṣaḥ, q.v., Mvy 6752 (here āmiṣa = Tib. zaṅ ziṅ, only); dual dvandva dharmāmiṣa, spiritual and worldly things, °ṣābhyāṃ yathāśaktyā saṃgrāhakaś ca Bbh 254.21; °ṣābhyāṃ dāne 'matsariṇo Sukh 61.5; atha dharma-miṣam iti bhagavan kaḥ padārthaḥ Laṅk 179.17; āmiṣam Laṅk 180.6, defined at length in 6-13 as including what leads to longing (tṛṣṇā, 10) and rebirth, away from the religious goal; cf. āmiṣasaṃgraho bhavati na dharmasaṃ-graha iti 179.16; lokāmiṣasaṃgraho bhavati na dharma-saṃgraha iti 173.5; lokāmiṣa-phalābhilāṣiṇo (gen. sg.) vā punaḥ lokāmiṣanimittaṃ tathāgatacaityapūjā Bbh 22.25-26; dharmasaṃbhoga āmiṣasaṃbhogo Divy 93.1 spiritual and worldly enjoyment; in Mv iii.55.1, 3 Mahākāśyapa is described as the Lord's dharmajo dharmanirmito dharma-dāyādo na āmiṣadāyādo, spiritually born, spiritually fash-ioned spiritual heir, not physical (or worldly) heir (Pali also uses dhamma- and āmisa-dāyāda); āmiṣalolupaḥ puṅgalo ... bodhisattvena na sevitavyaḥ RP 19.1; apy oṣitā āmiṣapātracīvare (so prob. divide, see oṣita) RP 19.10; āmiṣa-priyāś RP 34.2 fond of worldly things; āmiṣa-guruka-sya RP 35.2 devoted to ... ; nāmiṣaprakṣiptayā samtatyā Śikṣ 128.7, with mental disposition (see saṃtati) not intent on worldly (or material) things; āmiṣa-kiṃcitka, see kiṃ-citka; na labhyaṃ bhikṣavas tenāmiṣeṇāmiṣakṛtyaṃ kartum MSV i.249.12, it is not allowable to pursue enjoyment with this worldly enjoyment (sugar added to food).

► p. 100

==5、abhaya==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

a-bhaya

【对译词】

〈藏〉 'jigs pa med pa，mi 'jigs pa

【释义】

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

á-bhaya, mf(ā)n. unfearful, not dangerous, secure ; ► p. 60c

a-bháya, mfn. fearless, undaunted ŚBr. xiv ; ► p. 60c

á-bhaya, m. N. of Śiva ; of a natural son of Bimbisāra ; of a son of Idhmajihva BhP. ; of a river in Krauñcadvīpa BhP. ; ► p. 60c

á-bhayā, f. the plant Terminalia Chebula ; ► p. 60c

á-bhaya, n. (ifc. f(ā).) absence or removal of fear, peace, safety, security RV. &c. (cf. ábhaya-tama below) ; “safety,” (applied as proper name to) a child of Dharma and his reign in Plakshadvīpa BhP. ; a kind of symbol procuring security Hcat. ; a sacrificial hymn recited to obtain personal security Kauś. ; the root of a fragrant grass, Andropogon Muricatum.  ► p. 60c

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

Abhaya, m. (1) n. of a king of Kaliṅga, converted by Buddha: Mv 1.178.11; 180.6, 9; (2) n. of a sārthavāha: Mv ii.2.11; (3) n. of a former Buddha: Mv iii.237.1f.; (4) n. of a people (? cf. Kirfel, Kosm. 76); sc. lipi, the script used by them: Mv i.135.7, read ramaṭhābhaya- for text ramaṭha-bhaya- (v.l. cama°); (5)n. of a son of King Bimbisāra and Āmrapālī (not corresponding exactly to Pali Abhaya, either 2 or 3 in DPPN, but perhaps a confusion of the two): MSV ii.22.20 ff.

► p. 49

==6、dharmatā==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

dharmatā

【对译词】

〈藏〉 chos nyid，chos

【释义】

［阴］ 法性。〔古〕法，法爾，法性。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

dhárma-tā, f. essence, inherent nature Buddh. ; the being law or right Jātakam. ; ► p. 511a

dhárma-tayā, ind. ifc. by way or means of. Divyâv.  ► p. 511a

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

dharmatā (= Pali dhammatā), natural and normal custom, habit, natural condition, what is to be expected, normal state, rule, standard custom, ordinary thing; (as in Pali) often in n. sg., frequently at the beginning of a sentence and often followed by khalu (sometimes hi), (you are to know that) it is the regular thing, often then gen. of person, as e. g. buddhānāṃ, rarely loc., and a clause stating what the 'regular thing' is; but sometimes also referring to what precedes: dharmatā (usually foll. by khalu or hi) ... Mv i.338.19 ( ... (i)yaṃ teṣāṃ sattvānāṃ ... ); iii.255.17 ( ... buddhānāṃ ... ); Divy 3.2; 18.8;' 67.16, etc.; Av i.4.6; 10.6, etc.; Jm 88.3; 98.16; iyam atra dharmatā LV 219.5; RP 10.9; dharmatā hy eṣā dharmāṇāṃ Laṅk 9.4 (vs), for this is the normal condition of states-of-existence; lokahitāna dharmatā SP 392.2 (vs); buddhānāṃ eṣā (read with v.l. eṣa, m.c.) dharmatā Mv iii.327.12 (vs); loc, eṣa buddheṣu dharmatā Ud xxi.12 (same vs with gen. in Pali AN ii.21.22); dharmatā-pratilambha eṣa caramabhā-vikānāṃ bodhisattvānāṃ ... LV 161.12 (here I fail to see that -pratilambha adds anything in particular; the cpd. seems to mean about the same as dharmatā alone, it is the established, normal procedure ... ); (bodhisattva-sya ... ) abhijñādharmatā LV 85.10, normal state of (having the) abhijñā; dharmatā-prāpta Mv i.301.8, arrived at the normal (correct, to-be-expected) state, said of the mind of a Pratyekabuddha; pratyātma-dharmatā-śuddhaṃ (nayaṃ) Laṅk 8.1 (vs); śruṇuya yo ti dharmatāṃ LV 54.2 (vs), who ever hears your true nature (regular procedure; contrasted with one who just sees or listens, i.e. to a few words); lokānuvartanakriyā-dharmatāṃ anuvartya LV 179.18; jarādharmatāyām anatītāḥ Mv ii.151.7, not free from (subjection to) the normal condition of old age; jāti-dharmatāyāḥ (abl.) Av i.211.15, from the normal condition of birth; instr., by the method (means) of ... , by way of ... . (śatana-patana-vikiraṇa-) vidhvaṃsana-dharmatayā Divy 180.24; 281.31; atyantakṣīṇakṣaya-dharmatayā (so, as cpd.) niruddhāḥ LV 419.16 (vs), Tib. śin tu zad ciṅ byaṅ baḥi chos-ñid-kyis (dharmatayā) ni ḥgags; paramagatigato 'si dharmatāye Mv iii.381.8, you have gone to the highest goal according to your natural, normal procedure; dharmatāṃ vā pratisaraty Bbh 255.13, see pratisarati. In Bhad 3 Leumann interprets dharmata-dhātuṃ as m.c. for dhar-matā-dh° which he assumes = dharma-dh°; but dharmata is rather for °taḥ, abl. of dharma, as a separate word.

► p. 278

==7、eka==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

eka

【对译词】

〈藏〉 gcig，gcig pu

【释义】

［代］ 一个，唯一。〔古〕 一，唯一，独。eke…eke 一些…另一些…

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

éka, mfn. (√i Uṇ. iii, 43, probably fr. a base e; cf. Zd. ae-va; Gk. $, $; Goth. ai-n-s; also Lat. aequu-s; g. sarvâdi Pāṇ. 1-1, 27; see Gr. 200) , one (eko'pi, or ekaś-cana, with na preceding or following, no one, nobody; the words ekayā na or ekān naare used before decade numerals to lessen them by one e.g. ekān na triṃśat, twenty-nine) RV. &c. ; (with and without eva) alone, solitary, single, happening only once, that one only (frequently ifc.; cf. dharmaîka-rakṣa, &c.) RV. &c. ; the same, one and the same, identical ŚBr. v KātyŚr. Mn. &c. ; one of two or many (eka - eka, eka - dvitīya, the one - the other; esp. pl. eke, some, eke - apare some - others, &c.) ŚBr. KātyŚr. MBh. Hit. &c. ; (eka repeated twice, either as a compound [cf. ekaîka] or uncompounded, may have the sense “one and one,” “one by one” RV. i, 20, 7; 123, 8; v, 52, 17 R. BhP. &c.) ; single of its kind, unique, singular, chief, pre-eminent, excellent Ragh. Kathās. Kum. &c. ; sincere, truthful MW. ; little, small L. ; (sometimes used as an indefinite article) , a, an R. Śak. Vet. &c. (the fem. of eka before a Taddhita suffix and as first member of a compound is eka not ekā Pāṇ. 6-3, 62) ; ► p. 227c

éka, m. N. of a teacher Āp. ; of a son of Raya BhP. ; ► p. 227c

ékā, f. N. of Durgā ; ► p. 227c

éka, n. unity, a unit (ifc.) Hcat.  ► p. 227c

==8、dvaya==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

dvaya

【对译词】

〈藏〉 gnyis

【释义】

［形］ 两个。

［中］ 两个，二者。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

dvayá, mf(ī)n. (fr. and in comp = dvi) twofold, double, of 2 kinds or sorts RV. AV. Br. MBh. &c. (°ye m. pl. Śiś. iii, 57) ; ► p. 503b

dvayī, f. couple, pair Naish. Rājat. ; ► p. 503b

dvaya, n. couple, pair ; two things, both ( e.g. tejo-, the 2 luminaries Śak. iv, 2) Yājñ. MBh. Kāv. &c. (ifc. ā R. i, 29, 14) ; twofold nature, falsehood RV. i, 147, 4 &c. ; the masc. and fem. gender Gr. ; ► p. 503b

dvayam, ind. between Śiś. iii, 3. [cf. Zd. dvaya; Gk. $.]  ► p. 503b

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

dvaya (nt.), (sexual) coupling, copulation: sa nehaiva mātṛgrāmeṇa sārdhaṃ dvayaṃ samāpadyate Śikṣ 76.8, he does not by any means enter into copulation with a woman; dvaya-dvaya-samāpattiḥ Mvy 9469, copulation, lit. attaining (entering into, sc. a state of) couple by couple.

► p. 273

==9、traya==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

traya

【对译词】

〈巴〉 taya

〈藏〉 gsum

【释义】

［形］ 三。

［中］ 三种。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

trayá, mf(ī́)n. (fr. trí Pāṇ. 5-2, 43) triple, threefold, consisting of 3, of 3 kinds RV. x, 45, 2 AV. iv, 11, 2 VS. &c. (°yī́ vidyā́), “the triple sacred science,” reciting hymns, performing sacrifices, and chanting [RV., YV., and SV.] ŚBr. AitBr. &c. ; ► p. 457b

trayá, n. a triad (chiefly ifc.) ChUp. KaṭhUp. Mn. &c. ; ► p. 457b

trayī́, f. id. see śata- ; ► p. 457b

trayá, n. = °yī́ vidyā́ Gaut. Mn. &c. ; the Buddh. triad (Buddha, Dharma, and Saṃgha) Hcar. viii ; summit Bālar. i, 28 ; a woman whose husband and children are living L. ; Venonia anthelminthica L. ; su-mati L.  ► p. 457b

==10、pratipat==

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

prati-√pat, P. -patati, to hasten towards, run to meet (acc.) MBh.  ► p. 667a

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

á-pratiṣṭhita, mfn. id. ŚBr. AitBr. TBr. ; unlimited BhP. Jain.  ► p. 58a

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

a-pratiṣṭhita, not permanently fixed: °to nirvāṇe, of a Tathāgata, Mvy 406; °ta-nirvāṇa Mvy 1728, nirvāṇa qui n'est pas l'arrêt, Lévi, Sūtrāl. Transl. iii.3 note 4, which see on this term; it is the Mahāyānistic nirvāṇa in which the Tathāgata returns to worldly life to save creatures, tho remaining incapable of personal involvement in it. Gf. apratiṣṭhā-.

► p. 48

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

pratiṣṭhita

【对译词】

〈藏〉 brten pa，gnas par gyur pa

【释义】

［过分］ 确立，建立，完成。〔古〕 安立，依托。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

práti-ṣṭhita, mfn. (práti.) standing, stationed, placed, situated in or on (loc. or comp.) MBh. R. &c. ; abiding or contained in (loc.) ŚBr. &c. &c. ; fixed, firm, rooted, founded, resting or dependent on (loc. or comp.) AV. &c. &c. ; established, proved Mn. viii, 164 ; ordained for, applicable to (loc.) ib., 226 ; secure, thriving, well off ChUp. Hariv. &c. ; familiar or conversant with (loc.) MBh. ; transferred to (loc.) Hariv. ; undertaken Pañcat. (B. anu-ṣṭhita) ; ascended into, having reached (comp.) Śak. vii, 4/5 (v.l.) ; complete, finished W. ; consecrated ib. ; endowed, portioned ib. ; established in life, married ib. ; prized, valued ib. ; famous, celebrated ib. ; ► p. 671c

práti-ṣṭhita, m. N. of Vishṇu A.  ► p. 671c

=ātmabhāve pratikṛtau vipāke cāpy asaktatā | apravṛttitadanyārthapravṛttiparivarjane ||6|| =

【支译】自身及報恩 果報斯不著 護存己不施 防求於異事 6  

【净译】為離於不起 及離為餘行 6  

==1、ātman==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

ātman

【对译词】

〈巴〉 attan, atta

〈藏〉 bdag，bdag cag，bdag nyid，rang

【释义】

［阳］ ❶ 呼吸。❷ 自己，自我，身体，自身，可作反身代词使用。❸ 灵魂，本性，本体，心灵，思想。〔哲〕我，自体。〔古〕 我，自，己，己事，己身，身，性，自身。

单③④⑤: ātmanā，ātmane，ātmanaḥ。

【例句】

《嘉言》Hit：

kathaṃ mārātmake tvayi viśvāsaḥ

怎么能相信嗜杀成性的你呢？   

《嘉言》Hit：

ity uktvā tatsamīpa ātmanam ācchādya sthitaḥ saḥ

这样说完以后，它就藏身于鹿的旁边。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

ātmán, m. (variously derived fr. an, to breathe; at, to move; vā, to blow; cf. tmán) the breath RV. ; the soul, principle of life and sensation RV. AV. &c. ; the individual soul, self, abstract individual [e.g. ātmán (Ved. loc.) dhatte, or karoti, “he places in himself,” makes his own TS. v ŚBr.; ātmanā akarot, “he did it himself” Kād.; ātmanā vi-√yuj, “to lose one's life” Mn. vii, 46; ātman in the sg. is used as reflexive pronoun for all three persons and all three genders e.g. ātmānaṃ sā hanti, “she strikes herself;” putram ātmanaḥ spṛṣṭvā nipetatuḥ, “they two having touched their son fell down” R. ii, 64, 28; see also below s.v. ātmanā ] ; essence, nature, character, peculiarity (often ifc. e.g. karmâtman, &c.) RV. x, 97, 11, &c. ; the person or whole body considered as one and opposed to the separate members of the body VS. ŚBr. ; the body Ragh. i, 14RāmatUp. ; (ifc.) “the understanding, intellect, mind” see naṣṭâtman, mandâ° ; the highest personal principle of life, Brahma (cf. paramâtman) AV. x, 8, 44 VS. xxxii, 11 ŚBr. xiv, &c. ; effort L. ; (= dhṛti) firmness L. ; the sun L. ; fire L. ; a son L.; [Old Germ. ātum ; Angl.Sax. oedhm; Mod. Germ. Athem, Odem; Gk. ἀϋτμήν, (?).]  ► p. 135a

==2、bhāva==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】

bhāva

【对译词】

〈藏〉 dngos po，yod pa

【释义】

［阳］ ❶ 存在，事物。❷ 状态，性质，样貌。❸ 性情，情感，情态，表情，行为。

〔古〕 身，事，事物，体，有，有性，性，類，性類。

【例句】

《中论颂》15.3-4：svabhāvaparabhāvābhyām ṛte bhāvaḥ kutaḥ punaḥ |

svabhāve parabhāve ca sati bhāvo hi sidhyati ||  

‹什› 離自性、他性，何得更有法？

若有自、他性，諸法則得成。

‹叶› 若离自性与他性，从何而又有事物？

有自性与他性在，事物才得成立故。

语言、妒意争吵与妩媚，

由此等合一体故，女人便是缚缠。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

bhāva, &c. See p.754&c.  ► p. 760b

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

bhāvá, m. (√ bhū) becoming, being, existing, occurring, appearance ŚvetUp. KātyŚr. &c. ; turning or transition into (loc. or comp.) MBh. RPrāt. ; continuance (opp. to cessation; ekôti-bhāva, continuity of the thread of existence through successive births Buddh., wrongly translated under ekôti-bh°) MBh. ; state, condition, rank (with sthāvira, old age; anyam bhāvam āpadyate, euphem. = he dies; state of being anything, esp. ifc. e.g. bālabhāva, the state of being a child, childhood = bālatā or -tva; sometimes added pleonastically to an abstract noun e.g. tanutā-bhāva, the state of thinness) Up. ŚrS. MBh.&c. ; true condition or state, truth, reality (ibc. and °vena ind. really, truly) MBh. Hariv. ; manner of being, nature, temperament, character (eko bhāvaḥ or eka-bh°, a simple or artless nature; bhāvo bhāvaṃ nigacchati = birds of a feather flock together) MBh. Kāv. &c. ; manner of acting, conduct, behaviour Kāv. Sāh. ; any state of mind or body, way of thinking or feeling, sentiment, opinion, disposition, intention (yādṛśena bhāvena, with whatever disposition of mind; bhāvam amaṅgalaṃ-√kṛ, with loc., to be ill disposed against; bhāvaṃ dṛḍhaṃ-√kṛ, to make a firm resolution) Mn. MBh.&c. ; (in rhet.) passion, emotion (2 kinds of Bhāvas are enumerated, the sthāyin or primary, and vyabhicārin or subordinate; the former are 8 or 9 according as the Rasas or sentiments are taken to be 8 or 9; the latter 33 or 34) Kāv. Sāh. Pratāp. &c. ; conjecture, supposition Mn. Pañcat. ; purport, meaning, sense (iti bhāvaḥ, “such is the sense” = ity arthaḥ or ity abhiprâyaḥ, constantly used by commentators at the end of their explanations) ; love, affection, attachment (bhāvaṃ-√kṛ, with loc., to feel an affection for) MBh. Kāv. &c. ; the seat of the feelings or affections, heart, soul, mind (parituṣṭena bhāvena, with a pleased mind) ŚvetUp. Mn. MBh. &c. ; that which is or exists, thing or substance, being or living creature (sarva-bhāvāḥ, all earthly objects; bhāvāḥ sthāvara-jaṅgamāḥ, plants and animals) MuṇḍUp. MBh. &c. ; (in dram.) a discreet or learned man (as a term of address = respected sir) Mṛicch. Mālav. Mālatīm. ; (in astron.) the state or condition of a planet L. ; an astrological house or lunar mansion ib. ; N. of the 27th Kalpa (s.v.) ib. ; of the 8th (42nd) year in Jupiter's cycle of 60 years VarBṛS. ; (in gram.) the fundamental notion of the verb, the sense conveyed by the abstract noun (esp. as a term for an impersonal passive or neuter verb having neither agent nor object expressed e.g. pacyate, “there is cooking” or “cooking is going on”) Pāṇ. 3-1, 66; 107 &c. ; N. of the author of the Bhāvaprakāśa (= miśra-bhāva) Cat. ; wanton sport, dalliance L. ; birth L. ; place of birth, the womb L. ; the world, universe L. ; an organ of sense L. ; superhuman power L. ; the Supreme Being L. ; advice, instruction L. ; contemplation, meditation L. (cf. -samanvita). ; ► p. 754b

bhāvena, ind., see bhāva , really, truly  ► p. 754b